The Xindi are very far away from Federation space; Enterprise made that very clear from the start. Many of the worlds NX-01 visited in its second and third seasons were way out in deep space, far enough beyond Earth and Vulcan that it's understandable that the Federation's growth didn't encompass them within one or two centuries.
Or every other species mentioned in TOS. Some were even members of the Federation.Same reason there were no Tellarites or Gorn in TNG.
^You can't trust numbers in Trek. They're too inconsistent. By the assumptions that prevailed in TNG, DS9, and especially VGR, a distance of 8000 light years would've taken a starship around 8 years to traverse, rather than the few days it was generally shown to take, so that one isolated reference should not outweigh the preponderance of other evidence. (Heck, FC itself seems to show the Enterprise getting from the Romulan border to Earth in mere minutes!)
But there's a simple matter of common sense we can apply. We're not sure just how many stars are within 100 light years (since a lot of the dim ones haven't been discovered yet), but at a rough estimate, it's at least around 15,000. Even if you had enough starships to visit and explore one star system per week (a reasonable standard to apply when talking about a TV-series universe), it would take over 288 years just to visit every one of those star systems even once each. Thoroughly exploring, colonizing, or establishing diplomatic relations with them would naturally take far longer.
So for purely functional, logistical reasons, it's unlikely that the Federation has spread too far by the 24th century; it just wouldn't have had enough time to settle and incorporate that many worlds. Heck, Picard said the UFP had only 150 or so members, just one percent of the number of stars within a mere 100 light-years. If those member worlds were spread out over a sphere 8000 ly in diameter, they'd be spread out incredibly diffusely, and there would be millions of star systems within that volume that the Federation hadn't even managed to visit yet.
So regardless of the Federation's physical extent, there are bound to be many, many civilizations in near space that it just hasn't had the time to interact with more than briefly if at all, and many that it's encountered once or twice but otherwise hasn't had many dealings with. Three centuries just isn't long enough to cover any large volume of space all that thoroughly.
The Xindi are very far away from Federation space; Enterprise made that very clear from the start. Many of the worlds NX-01 visited in its second and third seasons were way out in deep space, far enough beyond Earth and Vulcan that it's understandable that the Federation's growth didn't encompass them within one or two centuries.
Wasn't the expanse only fifty light years from Earth?
Why not? Exploration does not expand outward in a perfect spherical wavefront. Magellan's expedition circumnavigated the entire Earth 85 years before the English settled Jamestown and over 330 years before Europeans "discovered" the source of the Nile.I don't buy the idea of those worlds the NX-01 visited being deep space even in Kirk's time let alone Picard's time.
Or maybe they're just not interested in participating in Starfleet. Or maybe the Potemkin had a Denobulan science officer and a Vissian chief engineer, but we never saw them because we were over here watching what the Enterprise was doing instead.
I figure that since Denobulans are genetically engineered, they'd be barred admittance to the Federation.
I like to think that The Voyage Home had the Xindi Aquatics in if that counts for anything.
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