From a grammar standpoint, I think the difference is in whether you're referring to it as a thing, versus a place and/or the collection of hardware, personnel, and everything else it comprises. THE Enterprise is a ship that can go up to warp five. However, my home is on Enterprise--because likewise, I don't live in THE Michigan, outside THE Detroit.
"Kirk to Enterprise" is either an example of the latter, or it's a simple case of clipping for the sake of efficiency/sounding more official and military on TV.
Really, though, I suppose the way to answer what's the "right" way is to ask someone in the navy what is the proper way to refer to a ship and in what context.
"Kirk to Enterprise" is either an example of the latter, or it's a simple case of clipping for the sake of efficiency/sounding more official and military on TV.
Really, though, I suppose the way to answer what's the "right" way is to ask someone in the navy what is the proper way to refer to a ship and in what context.