Since we never learned what Klingon asset this distance was to, I'd suggest it
wasn't Klingon territory. After all, when the
Kelvin asks whether this could be the Klingons' doing, the spitting distance counts as a
negative.
First, the exact quote:
Kelvin: "Repeat, could this be Klingon?"
Starfleet: "Negative, Lieutenant. You're(?)/they're(?) 75,000 kilometers from the-"
Then some possibilities:
1) The
Kelvin was being closely shadowed by a known Klingon asset, and Starfleet reminded them that the Klingons were right where Starfleet knew them to be and clearly doing nothing.
2) Starfleet assured the
Kelvin that they knew where the closest Klingons were, and they were 75,000 km from some other point entirely and under observation, meaning they were lightdays away from the
Kelvin.
3) Starfleet tells the
Kelvin that Klingons can't be behind the space storm because the
Kelvin is 75,000 km from a thing the Klingons wouldn't be caught dead approaching.
The last IMHO is the most natural assumption, and the difficult-to-hear keyword sounds more like "You're" than "They're" in any case. Heck, plotwise, we could say that the timehole took Nero and Spock from point A at time T1 to the very same point A at time T2, and that the heroes are right next to the Romulan home system (although probably still on their own side of the border) and approaching the star that eventually would blow up...
Timo Saloniemi