Actually, a corresponding graphic shows
intruder alert going up on deck 5.
No doubt the command "Yellow Alert" is supposed to mark the execution of dozens of procedures. On a training ship, the trainees and instructors feel obligated to voice out many of these separate procedures, while on an operational ship, all of these are performed without separate verbal confirmation.
Saavik here felt the need to specify the energizing of defense fields (perhaps because the trainees were slow to comply with that specific part), but she didn't need to comment on intruder control protocols which the trainees correctly and swiftly put to effect at the same time. That there was an intruder alert on deck 5 might have been a glitch, or perhaps a simulation left running after the last intruder control exercise. Or then some trainee on deck 5 had forgotten to update his or her hall pass.
No matter: a ship in free space, with her defense fields up, proved just as resilient to Khan's fire as the same ship inside a nebula where shields don't work at all. One might assume that defense fields do squat against modern phasers, then - or that defense fields were constantly up in the nebula. And yeah, one might say that defense fields are related to polarizable hull armor somehow, although there is no real proof for a direct treknological connection.
Artificial gravity in a 1990s spacecraft? Unlikely as hell
How so? By that time, manned interplanetary travel was old news for our intrepid and innovative Earthlings. Clearly, they were much, much more clever than us. By 2002, they would have been launching interstellar probes, something we won't be doing for the next century if the current trends continue. By 2063, they would invent warp drive, which we probably won't have for the next thousand years, what with it being impossible and all.
It makes no sense to assume that all their superior smartness only came to play "in the future", because we are in the process of catching up with that future now. The 1990s came and went, and we were too stupid to invent the DY-100; there's little reason to try and pretend that this smart Trek reality and our stupid one would somehow merge at some future date, and less reason to think that they were synched during the 20th century.
and the more modern novels don't support this.
That's because they are written by cowards.
Timo Saloniemi