The historical archive aboard the USS Defiant in In A Mirror, Darkly stated "The Federation is governed by a Council, located in the city of San Francisco on Earth, and the Federation council president's office is in Paris." The reference is listed under 2161, so your interpretation is possible, if perhaps a contortion too many.
And I maintain that the notion of the Council meeting in a location that is a
nine-hour time difference away from the President's office is patently absurd and non-workable.
I don't see the problem. It's been suggested several times that Starfleet personnel commute to San Francisco from various points on the globe. (Worf thought Minsk an appropriate home for a Starfleet Academy instructor.)
More practically, it needn't be assumed that the President meets with the Council very often. In some modern parliamentary systems, the Prime Minister attends sessions of the legislature weekly or even less often. Moreover, meetings held across (roughly) nine time zones are a common fixture in the United States Departments of State and Defense today; stateside and in-the-box officials of various rank (from very high to moderately low) regularly communicate with each other via video conference and phone conference. All this is possible without the convenience of
Star Trek technology.
Comparatively speaking, yes.
Our government is fairly centralized. Doesn't mean it works right all the time, but we don't have to worry about having Congress meet in Washington D.C. and New York, and have the various government agencies/civil servants operate out of Chicago or San Francisco.
That's not always been the case. In the late 1800s, General Sherman, exasperated by the political atmosphere of Washington, moved the US Army's headquarters to St. Louis, several days' (weeks'?) travel away.
Just how many constitutional monarchies has America set up?
I'm sure there's got to be a few considering the number of invasions you've made.
We've only established or continued a constitutional monarchy once, in Japan at the end of World War II.
Our initial aim in Samoa in 1899 was to prevent the German-backed chief rival to the just-deceased King Malietoa Laupepa of Samoa from gaining the throne (we and Britain supported the King's son), the civil war there (which the three outside powers joined forces to stop) ultimately abolished the monarchy by joint agreement of the two Samoan factions, Britain, the US, and Germany.
The United States has engaged in far fewer invasions than popular recollection seems to hold these days. Aside from humanitarian actions (the Dominican Republic, 1965), pursuit of hostile forces across theoretically neutral borders (e.g. Cambodia), small actions not directed against the local government (e.g. Argentina in 1899), and wars of defense or believed defense (e.g. World War II, the Spanish-American War), I count the following:
- Iraq, 2003
- Panama, 1989
- Grenada, 1983
- Possibly Honduras in the early 1900s; information on the size, purpose, and authority of our actions there isn't readily available.
Despite their ultimately nefarious purposes, the majority of the "Banana Wars" were technically at the behests of local governments, or were begun for reasons other than their ultimate effects.
The idea represented by the United States, though, is best seen in our "good neighbor" period, from 1932 to roughly 2001, with some questionable interludes during the Cold War. We were - and are - respectful of other nations, of their people, of their sovereignty (but first of their people), and of international law.