Interesting, what you see as humancentric one can argue are really WesternEuropean or NorthAmericancentric values. Understandable since its a US TV show and can only reflect the cultural values of its producers. However the idea that in the future humanity becomes this idealised version of US society might be considered arrogantly racist.
The idea of exploration, the final frontier is an idealised version of the exploration and frontier pioneer attitude that shaped the Americas, which was anything but ideal for the populations already living there.
That is an absolutely accurate observation. In that specific context, I was using "human" in terms of "Star Trek" which absolutely does tend to be American-centric, for obvious reasons.
On a tangentially related note to this observation, being a straight white male American... i've always found the concept of "cultural appropriation" fascinating. It's an alien concept to me and my cultural background... historically "my people" were not only ok with others adopting our culture... we preferred it... and often times enforced it.
On the in-universe note, I tend to take a watsonian perspective and want to explain everything that happens in in-universe terms. The stories are much more interesting to me when I dismiss the real-world situations as irrelevant and deal only in story terms. In that regards, in my own head-version of the "History of the Past" so to speak in Trek, it's a fairly grim situation. The tl;dr version is... WW3/Eugenics Wars, while devastating to everyone, are particularly devastating to Asia. Some Western nations emerge relatively inshape, while Asia takes a much longer time to recover. It's partly why we see Earth launching warp colony ships... while ALSO the "post-Atomic horror" is going on, and why Space America seems to dominate everything... there are just physically less other people. Space America took a dominate position within United Earth, United Earth took a dominate position within the Federation.