“Family” already addressed the immediate aftermath. Aside from having an immediate followup after Satie's comments in "The Drumhead", it's not really necessary.
^^this. TNG did it just right, balancing character development, continuity, and remaining standalone episodic. Picard always had a strong character persona as well, so - after also including "elapsed time" - it never felt like too much of a stretch, even if the stardate mentioned still suggests quick recovery. People have accepted less plausible situations, especially in TOS, like when Nomad came aboard.
Even "Descent" had the Federation showing no lack of concern with Picard's mental status. Fast forward to the 1996 flick and, on top of every other bit of mental gymnastics for the storyline, now all of a sudden they are. One or two big plot points are one thing, but the movie is loaded with too many inconsistencies to really get invested in.
Of if the Federation was concerned, it
might be because Nechayev chewed Picard out for nursing the rescued Borg despite the mental gymnastics to get around why they take it in the first place (they don't even describe anything to erase their transporter residual energy "footprint", much less wiping off fingerprints or anything else.) But the Captain's Logs reveal all and he has a crew, with half a dozen senior staff, including
COUNSELOR* Troi, to back him up.
* Yup, if the flashing text tag wasn't removed in the HTML 5 protocol, I'd have used that too. As well as raising the font by about 72pt or so.
But it could have worked as either a season 6 episode after “Chain of Command” or season 7 episode immediately after “Descent, pt II”, after Picard’s experience with Hugh and the rogue Borg, and nearly engaging in genocide against the Borg, to be counseled by Troi and examine his continuing psychological struggle. It would also allow Picard to contrast his lack of trauma from being interrogated by the Cardassians.
^^this
The Federation, probably had, and left it to Nechayev to chew him like bubblegum as a verbal reprimand and let it be. Especially as the Cardassian incident was far more recent... at least Picard said he was about to crack, like that egg. When in doubt, get David Warner. Hmmm, would season 1 have been near-greatness if every single episode had utilized the trope of "same actor, different character" with Warner appearing 25 times over, complete with 25 different latex face masks? Like the Tootie Pop question, we may never know.
Side note: The Cardassian incident didn't have a dozen episodes with Picard as well. He and Troi did counseling off-screen, because the show was always about more than that.
Recalling one of the best scenes from "Descent":
Yup - it's THAT episode! said:
NECHAYEV: Captain, I've read the report that you submitted to Admiral Brooks last year regarding the Borg you called Hugh, and I've been trying to figure out why you let him go.
PICARD: I thought that I had made that clear.
NECHAYEV: As I understand, it you found a single Borg at a crash site, brought it aboard the Enterprise, studied it, analysed it, and eventually found a way to send it back to the Borg with a programme that would have destroyed the entire collective once and for all. But instead, you nursed the Borg back to health, treated it like a guest, gave it a name, and then sent it home. Why?
PICARD: When Hugh was separated from the Borg collective he began to grow and to evolve into something other than an automaton. He became a person. When that happened, I felt I had no choice but to respect his rights as an individual.
NECHAYEV: Of course you had a choice. You could've taken the opportunity to rid the Federation of a mortal enemy, one that has killed tens of thousands of innocent people, and which may kill even more.
PICARD: No one is more aware of the danger than I am. But I am also bound by my oath and my conscience to uphold certain principles. And I will not sacrifice them in order to
NECHAYEV: Your priority is to safeguard the lives of Federation citizens, not to wrestle with your conscience. Now I want to make it clear that if you have a similar opportunity in the future, an opportunity to destroy the Borg, you are under orders to take advantage of it. Is that understood?
PICARD: Yes, sir!
But she sure was certain that this program, nothing more than a glorified Escher painting, would confuse them all into self-destruction. It's still a lovely nod to TOS, where Kirk nagged umpteen computers into their blowing themselves up somehow, but - somehow - making Hugh aware of his emotions led to more damage, with terrifying results. Shame about the incidental music being reminiscent of a field full of cow patties when - if the teaser had Ron Jones' music - the story needed Ron Jones to make it really come alive, if not any of the composers since the issue wasn't that of the composers but the desired musical style (ironically thanks to Ron Jones, but season 4 was the pinnacle after 3 years of series-elevating greatness), but pt 1 has strong enough dialogue and plotting that it doesn't matter much...
Amazing teaser. Almost every teaser from seasons 5-7 had
real incidental music, which was the biggest tease of them all. But there I go digressing all over the floor again... I'll get the mop...