Picard is on the surface trying to talk down a madman from destroying a star and killing millions. The E-D has recovered Geordi who has a thorough medical exam and has his injuries healed, though he will have no idea if anything had been done to his VISOR. The E-D has its shields up and are facing off against an enemy they've gone up against before, though they've fallen from grace and are only in a crappy old BoP, so the crew are probably feeling all quite smug and superior in their state-of-the-art starship. Suddenly, the BoP opens fire which passes through their shields and tears into the hull, not just once but multiple times. Riker is caught with his pants down, much like Kirk in TWOK. They return fire and attempt to get clear from the planet in order to better manoeuvre, but the onslaught continues. Though we never see/hear anything about remodulating shields the VISOR is still transmitting so the Duras sisters will be able to match it (either that or because Worf is sitting now he can't reach the shield remodulating button). Riker has over 1000 people aboard, but his Captain is on the surface and millions of lives are at stake further in the system, fleeing is not really an option, but the Klingons are using some method to get through their shields and overloading countless systems onboard and since Starfleet won't invest in any sort of surge protection Troi takes the conn. We don't know how extensive the damage is, but seeing how the BoP torpedoes and disruptors bore into the hull it would be fair to surmise that multiple power conduits and bypass circuits are destroyed, so they could well have lost primary weapons control. Even breaking orbit and trying to give themselves some distance to cobble together repairs, they are still facing off against a more agile ship which has a tactical edge they can't counteract.
The only part of the sequence I really have issue with is the solitary torpedo that takes the BoP out, they should've done a full volley, or one of those rounds that seems to break apart into multiple warheads.