I guess this is the most relevant bit of "Corbomite" in terms of the argument:
The bold parts of the banter make the less sense, the shorter time the men have known each other. And what would be the point of the "oh, 11 years ago" thing unless McCoy were referring to a specific moment in Kirk's life well known to him (and indeed with Kirk well knowing that McCoy well knows, this suggesting they both were there)? If McCoy were merely insinuating that Kirk was that much older than Bailey, surely he'd not assume Kirk knew Bailey's exact age, and would instead say "oh, a dozen years ago" or something like that.
....
Timo Saloniemi
Great catch. The 11 years ago comment reinforces that they met 11 years ago when Kirk was 22 years old. Where was Lt. Kirk at 22 years old? Probably instructing at Starfleet Academy (per WNMHGB). Why/How did Kirk and McCoy meet? Because Kirk was his instructor at OCS held at Starfleet Academy. Why do I rule out a social setting? Because according to Gary Mitchell, "Hey man, I remember you back at the Academy. A stack of books with legs. The first thing I ever heard from an upperclassman was, watch out for Lieutenant Kirk. In his class, you either think or sink." <Takes Victory Lap.>
I strongly doubt that Kirk was a lieutenant teaching at Starfleet Academy 11 years before "The Corbomite Maneuver".
I have worked out what seems to be the simpliest and most natural order of events in Kirk's Starfleet career, whichinfolds like that of a modern naval officer except with faster promotion than usual.
15 years before "Where No Man Has Gone Before", Kirk meets Gary Mitchell when they are both.kids who haven't entered Starfleet Academy yet. This is a separate event from them becoming friends which happens later.
Star date 1313.1. We're now approaching Delta Vega. Course set for a standard orbit. This planet, completely uninhabited, is slightly smaller than Earth. Desolate, but rich in crystal and minerals. Kelso's task, transport down with a repair party, try to regenerate the main engines, save the ship. Our task, transport down a man I've known for fifteen years, and if we're successful, maroon him there.
Kirk enters Starfleet Academy at the age of 17.000 to 22.999 if the admission age range is the same as for contemporary US service academies.
The Making of Star Trek says Kirk is 17, which I will accept. During his plege (first year) Kirk is tormented by a 20 year old upperclassman named Finnigan, who is graduated, trnsferred, or expelled at the end of the year when Kirk is probably now 18. Teh end of Kirk's first eyar at the Academy is about 15 years before "Shore Leave".
KIRK: I know the feeling very well. I had it at the Academy. An upper classman there. One practical joke after another, and always on me. My own personal devil. A guy by the name of Finnegan.
FINNEGAN: Get up. Get up. Get up. Always fight fair, don't you? True officer and gentleman, you. You stupid underclassman. I've got the edge. I'm still twenty years old. Look at you. You're an old man.
FINNEGAN: I never answer questions from plebes, Jimmy boy.
KIRK: I'm not a plebe. This is today, fifteen years later. What are you doing here?
Kirk may have been assigned to the Axanar Peace Mission during his first year as a Cadet at the Academy - possibly that explains how he no longer was bothered by Finnegan after his firs year at the Academy.. In "Whom Gods Destroy":
KIRK: I agree there was a time when war was necessary, and you were our greatest warrior. I studied your victory at Axanar when I was a cadet. In fact it's still required reading at the Academy.
GARTH: As well it should be.
KIRK: Very well. But my first visit to Axanar was as a new fledged cadet on a peace mission.
GARTH: Peace mission! Politicians and weaklings!
KIRK: They were humanitarians and statesmen, and they had a dream. A dream that became a reality and spread throughout the stars, a dream that made Mister Spock and me brothers.
Kirk became friends with Benjamin Finney, an instructor at the Academy, who named his daughter Jame after James Kirk at an unspecified date, according to "Court Martial":
STONE: Let us begin with your relationship with Commander Finney. You knew him for a long time, didn't you?
KIRK: Yes. He was an instructor at the Academy when I was a midshipman, but that didn't stand in the way of our beginning a close friendship. His daughter Jamie, who was here last night, was named after me.
.
And thus Jame should be no more than 15 to 16, and possibly younger, in "Court Martial"..
Presumably Kirk graduated from Starfleet Academy after four years, aged about 21, and was commissioned an ensign. Kirk served undera captain Garrovik in various assignments after graduating from the Academy according to "Obsesson"..
MCCOY: Captain Garrovick was very important to you, wasn't he, Jim?
KIRK: Yes. He was my commanding officer from the day I left the Academy. One of the finest men I ever knew. I could have killed that thing if I'd fired soon enough the first time.
At first Ensign Kirk must have served aboard the starship Republic udner Captain Garrovik and alongside Benjamiin Finney, according to "Court Martial":
STONE: It's common knowledge that something happened to your friendship.
KIRK: It's no secret. We were assigned to the same ship some years later. I relieved him on watch once and found a circuit open to the atomic matter piles that should've been closed. Another five minutes, it could have blown up the ship.
COMPUTER: Ship nomenclature. Specify.
KIRK: United Starship Republic, number 1371.
STONE: Continue.
KIRK: I closed the switch and logged the incident. He drew a reprimand and was sent to the bottom of the promotion list.
STONE: And he blamed you for that?
KIRK: Yes. He had been at the Academy for an unusually long time as an instructor. As a result, he was late in being assigned to a starship. The delay, he felt, looked bad on his record. My action, he believed, made things worse.
STONE: Comment. Service record of Lieutenant Commander Finney to be appended this inquiry.
SHAW: With reference to Records Officer Finney, was there in his service record a reported disciplinary action for failure to close a circuit?
ENSIGN: Yes, ma'am.
SHAW: Was the charge in that instance based upon a log entry by the officer who relieved him?
ENSIGN: Yes, ma'am.
SHAW: And who was that officer?
ENSIGN: Ensign James T. Kirk.
SHAW: Louder, please, for the court.
ENSIGN: Ensign James T. Kirk.
SHAW: Now the Captain Kirk who sits in this courtroom?
ENSIGN: Yes, ma'am.
Sometime later, Captain Garrovik must have transferred from the Republic to the Farragut., and Kirk must have transferrred with him.
In "The Corbomite Maneuver" McCoy and KIrk mention a time in Kirk's past, a time that McCoy may have been present at:
MCCOY: I'm especially worried about Bailey. Navigator's position's rough enough for a seasoned man.
KIRK: I think he'll cut it.
MCCOY: Oh? How so sure? Because you spotted something you liked in him, something familiar, like yourself say about, oh, eleven years ago?
Kirk should have been about 33 in "Shore Leave" 15 years after the end of his first year in Starfleet Academy. If he was also about 33 in 'The Corbomite Maneuver" he would have been about 22 at the time 11 year earlier That McCoy was talking about, quite possiblyw hen McCoy met Kirk. And that should have been soon after Kirk Graduated from Starfleet Academy and was serving under Captain Garrovick oo the Republic or the Farragut with the rank of ensign or lieutenant junior grade.
In "The Deadly Years" Kirk suffered from a condition resembling rapid aging, and was at a competency hearning:
SPOCK: Medical banks, compute described subject's physical age, using established norms as comparative base.
COMPUTER: Working. Subject's physical age based on physiological profile, between sixty and seventy two. Aging rapidly.
KIRK: No, I'm thirty four. I'm thirty four years old.
Which nobody corrects. Thus Kirk should have been age 34 in "The Deadly Years", and we might guess that he was aged somewhere between 33.000 to 35.999 in other second season episodes, such as "A Private Little War", "Obsession":, "Amok Time", and "Journey to Babel".
In "A Private Little War" they are at a planet Kirk has been to before:
SPOCK: Aside from that, you say it's a Garden of Eden?
KIRK: Or so it seemed to the brash young Lieutenant Kirk on his first planet survey.
SPOCK: Class M in all respects. Quite Earth-like.
KIRK: When I left there thirteen years ago, those villagers had barely learned to forge iron. Spock was shot with a flintlock. How many centuries between those two developments?
So Kirk was alaready a lieutenant 13 years before he was probably aged somewhere between 33.000 and 35.999 in "A Private Little War", and thus when aged about 19.to 22.999.
"Obsession" is 11 years after Kirk was a lieutenant on the Farragut under Captain Garrovick:
KIRK: I suggest you look at the record tapes of past similar occurrences. You'll find the USS Farragut lists casualties eleven years ago from exactly the same impossible causes.
SPOCK: Precisely. Have you studied the incident involving the USS Farragut?
MCCOY: No. With all these deaths and injuries, I've only had a chance to scan the tapes. There are eight or ten hours of record tape there.
SPOCK: Fortunately, I read somewhat faster. In brief, Doctor, nearly half the crew and the captain were annihilated. The captain's name was Garrovick.
MCCOY: The same as our Ensign.
SPOCK: His father. Among the survivors was a young officer on his first deep-space assignment, James T. Kirk. And there is still more. I suggest you study this.
MCCOY: Am I? I was speaking of Lieutenant James T. Kirk of the starship Farragut. Eleven years ago, you were the young officer at the phaser station when something attacked. According to the tapes, this young Lieutenant Kirk insisted upon blaming himself.
KIRK: Because I delayed in firing at it.
MCCOY: You had a normal emotion. You were startled. You delayed firing for a grand total of perhaps two seconds.
KIRK: If I hadn't delayed, it would have been killed.
MCCOY: The ship's exec didn't seem to think so. His log entry was quite clear on the subject. Lieutenant Kirk is a fine young officer who performed with uncommon bravery.
KIRK: Don't you understand? It killed two hundred crewmen.
Obviously, McCoy was not on the Farragut during the incident with the vampire cloud. Kirk was still a lieuteanant during the vampire cloud incident, eleven years before "Obseesion", when Kirk is aged 33.000 to 35.999, and thus when he was aged 22 to 24.999.
This was during Kirk's first deep space assignment, which probably thus included both his service on the Republic and his service on the Farragut.
Now consider when Kirk became the commander of the Enterprise.
In "Amok Time", when Kirk should be aged 33.000 to 35.999:
KIRK: I'm more interested in your request for shore leave. In all the years
SPOCK: You have my request, Captain. Will you grant it or not?
KIRK: In all the years that I've known you, you've never asked for a leave of any sort. In fact, you've refused them. Why now?
So Kirk has proablably been in command of the Enterprise and working together with Spock for at lest 2.000 years, and thus since he was aged about 31.000 to 33.999, or younger.
In "Journey to Babel" Amanda talks to Spock:
AMANDA: And you haven't come to see us in four years, either.
So if Amanda's four years must be less than five years, and since Spock would have had to take leave to visit his parents, and since Kirk would have noticed one o fhis senior officrrs taking leave, Kirk must have taken command of the Enteprise and started working with Spock less than five years before "Journey to Babel". So Kirk should have taken command of the Enteprise when he was at least 28.000 to 30.999.
So Kirk already was a lieutenant or lieutenant junior grade when aged about 19.000 to 22.999, Kirk was still a lieutenant or lieutenant junior grade when the vamprie cloud struck when Kirk was aged about 22.000 to 24.999.
Krik became the commanding officer of the Enterprise sometime between the ages of 28.000 and 33.999.
If Kirk should have been aged about 33.000 to 353999 in the second season, he probably should have been aged about 32.000 to 34.999 in the first season. Kirk met Khan in "Space Seed" and left him on Ceti Alpha VI during the first season.
In
Star trek II: The Wrath of Khan Khan says:
KHAN: You are in a position to demand nothing, sir. I, on the other hand, am in a position to grant ...nothing. What you see is all that remains of the ship's company and crew of the Botany Bay, marooned here fifteen years ago by Captain James T. Kirk.
And Kirk says:
KIRK: There's a man out there I haven't seen in fifteen years who's trying to kill me. You show me a son that'd be happy to help him. My son. ...My life that could have been, ...and wasn't. And what am I feeling? ...Old. ...Worn out.
So 15 to 16 years after Kirk was aged 32.000 to 34.999 should be when Kirk is aged 45.00 to 50.999.
How old is Kirk's son David Marcus in
Star trek II: The Wrath of Khan?
KIRK: Where's Doctor Marcus?
DAVID: I'm Doctor Marcus!
So if David had a doctorate he was proabably aged 25 to 30, and thus shoud lhave been born when Kirk was aged 15.00 to 25.999.
Kirk was a lieutenant aboard the Farragut when they fought the vampire space cloud when Kirk was aged sonwhere between 22.000 and 24.999.
Sometime after that incident, Kirk should have returned to Starfleet Academy and became an instructor there. In "Where No Man Has Gone Before":
MITCHELL: Well, I'm getting a chance to read some of that longhair stuff you like. Hey man, I remember you back at the Academy. A stack of books with legs. The first thing I ever heard from an upperclassman was, watch out for Lieutenant Kirk. In his class, you either think or sink.
KIRK: I wasn't that bad, was I?
MITCHELL: If I hadn't aimed that little blonde lab technician at you
KIRK: You what? You planned that?
MITCHELL: Well, you wanted me to think, didn't you? I outlined her whole campaign for her.
KIRK: I almost married her!
And:
DEHNER: I don't think so. I understand you least of all. Gary told me that you've been friends since he joined the service, that you asked for him aboard your first command.
So Kirk would have taught his class for at least one year year, since upperclassmen warned Gary Mitchell about it when he entered the Academy. So when Mitchell entered the Academy Kirk should have been at least 23.000 to 25.999. And if Carol Marcus was the "little blonde lab technician" that Gary got kirk involved with no doubt some time woudl have pased before David Marcus was conseived. And then about 9 months or 0.75years would pass before David was born. So David should have been born when Kirk was aged at least 23.75 to 26.749.
Considering that the normal age to be commissioned an ensign is 22, and kirk was probably only one year younger when he became an ensign, and that in the most natural interpretation of Kirk's career he would have been an ensign for a while and then been a lieuteneant for a year or two before the earliest time when Kirk might have returned to Starfleet Academy, and that Kirk proably taught for at least one year before Gary Mitchell introduced him to the blonde lab technician, it seems a little hard to believe that David could have been born earlier enough to be a doctor in
Star trek II: The Wrath of Khan.
Maybe David Marcus wasn't actually a doctor in
Star trek II: The Wrath of Khan. Or Maybe he was a very precocius doctor. Memory Alpha says he was killed aged 24, and quotes script notes describing him as a "bright young scientist of twenty".
https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/David_Marcus
And maybe Kirk's career was not very simple and straightforward, and didn't happen the way the various references to it in the epsiodes and movies imply, so maybe Kirk was an instructor at the Academy at a younger age and thus David was born when Kirk was younger than calculated.
But the simpliest chronology of Kirk's life makes it seem chronologically improbable that Kirk was an instructor at Starfleet Academy aged about 22.