The Bond movies are also good examples, though the degree by which they stray from the source material varies very much.
"Dr. No" is very close to the novel. Differences are the addition of Felix Leiter, whom Bond first meets here in the movies, but the novel was actually the sixth in the series, and Bond and Leiter first met in "Casino Royale", of course, and this is also the reason why Bond and Quarrel first meet in this movie, even though in the novel, they know each other from "Live & Let Die". Dr. No being part of SPECTRE is also a deviation from the novel. Most of the other deviations are minor.
"From Russia with Love" is very close to the novel, with the major exception of changing the villains from SMERSH to SPECTRE, and rebranding the Spektor decoding device as Lektor, to avoid confusion.
"Goldfinger" also stayed close to the novel, with two major deviasions, the first being the early death of Tilly Masterson, the other changing Goldfinger's scheme from robbing Fort Knox to irradiating it. The latter is, I'm sure few will disagree, a big improvement on the novel. Nothing major, but interesting is the fact that the movie downplayed Pussy Galore's (apparent) homosexuality, but a few hints are dropped, nonetheless.
"Thunderball", again, is very faithful to the novel, with only minor deviations.
Now, "You only live twice" is the first major break, as it is almost a completely different story than the novel, owing heavily to the inability of the filmmakers to do "On Her Majesty's Secret Service" first, and also on the huge success of the previous two movies, making the producers try to use those as a formula (the formula for most following installments, actually). What they kept was the Japanese setting, as well as a few characters ('Tiger' Tanaka, Kissy Suzuki - though left unnamed in the actual movie - and 'Dikko' Henderson, not to forget Blofeld).
"On Her Majesty's Secret Service" is, again, very faithful to the novel, maybe even being the most faithful adaptation in the movie series.
"Diamonds are Forever", owing to the return of Sean Connery, the cliffhanger from the previous movie, as well as its financial failure in the USA, was changed almost as much as "You Only Live Twice". Again, they mostly kept the Las Vegas setting, the involvement of diamonds (they are in the title, so they were hard to get around), as well as characters like Tiffany Case and Wint & Kidd.
"Live & Let Die" continues this trend, though even the setting changes from Jamaica (though it was shot there) to the fictional San Monique. The drug smuggling is kept, though, as well as many characters, though some only recognizable by name.
"The Man with the Golden Gun" has almost nothing in common with the novel, with only Scaramanga and Mary Goodnight taken from the novel.
"The Spy who loved me" only used the title for a completely unrelated original story.
"Moonraker" took the villain of Hugo Drax, a billionaire (only a millionaire in the novel, but inflation accounts for that change) who uses his fortune to seemingly help mankind, but really plans genocide on a grand scale (grander in the movie, as in almost total eradication of mankind). Otherwise, the movie goes his own ways.
"For Your Eyes Only" adapts and expands on the short story, as well as using unused scenes from the novels "Live & Let Die" and "Goldfinger".
"Octopussy" only referrences the short story of the same name, trying to be a kind of sequel to it, but takes elements from the short story "Property of a Lady".
"A View to a Kill" has nothing to do with the short story, having even shortened the title "From a View to a Kill".
"The Living Daylights" closely adapts the short story, and expands heavily on it.
"Licence to Kill", being the first Bond movie without a Fleming title, has an almost completely original plot, but it uses elements and scenes from the novel "Live & Let Die" and the short story "The Hildebrand Rarity".
The Brosnan movies are all original with little to no elements from the novels.
"Casino Royale" is relatively close to the novel, but has some major changes, too. For the update of the story, obviously, Le Chiffre is changed from a soviet agent to a banker for terrorists. The setting is changed from Southern France to Montenegro. René Mathis is changed from an agent of the Deuxième Bureau to one of the MI6. The game is changed from Chemin de Fer to Texas Hold 'em. And, of course, the finale is changed to involve more action. In the process, Vesper's character is slightly changed from the novel, where she is remorseful and wants to start a new life with Bond, but is driven to suicide by a SMERSH agent (or paranoia, this isn't clear). In the movie, she betrays Bond one last time, trying to get the money to the villains, letting Bond hang out to dry.
"Quantum of Solace" has nothing to do with the short story, which is no surprise, since it is hardly a Bond story at all.
"Skyfall" is original.
Right now, it's hard to predect how much "SPECTRE" will take from the novels, but it obviously takes at least elements from "Thunderball", "On Her Majesty's Secret Service" and, oddly enough, "Octopussy".