Trip’s sister lived in Florida.
Yeah, I know. So the references to their old home having been in Panama City must somehow be separated from the idea that the Xindi Probe would have hit Panama City when it hit the sister.
And there is a natural separation. Dialogue ("Fusion"; "Augments") also establishes that the Tuckers used to live in Panama City, but that dialogue never says the place was hit by the Xindi. It's just the old family home.
The issue at the time of airing was that the casualty total seemed low. Although if the Xindi probe hit Panama City (and maybe Havana?), it explains the death toll given.
We never actually hear it of hitting either of the Panama Cities, not directly. We also don't specifically hear it of having hit population centers or avoided those; the path of destruction is not rationalized. So we can believe the Xindi just wanted to sterilize all Earth and started with a random line; or decide that they hit intended important targets, and Trip's sister either was one of them or then wasn't.
And if the Xindi were going to hit sensitive areas for Starfleet, they why not hit Jupiter Station, or the Lunar Colonies the Verteron array and allow a comet to hit one of the domed cites on Mars, or the construction of Columbia?
Because what was in Cuba was more important and more sensitive? Since we don't know what was there, we don't need to worry about this at all. Quite possibly losing Havana meant losing the ability to retaliate, whereas losing the Mars gun or Jupiter Station would only have resulted in insignificant loss of ability to defend Earth (a hopeless endeavor in any case because the Xindi could teleport right to their target, past all defenses).
I saw nothing destroyed that suggested that Starfleet would be set back a few years. But they never explained that in the show.
And of course Starfleet wouldn't advertise it to the public that they had just been neutered - nor would it want to revel in its own losses since this would make it look bad in the eyes of those civilians who had lost relatives.
Something hugely important may well have been lost with the first volley. And the Xindi may have correctly solved the Traveling Salesman Problem and devised a path of destruction that would take out the maximum number of key targets in a minimum of time - only their beam failed after scoring only a few of those victories. Not their fault at all.
(One wonders if the Xindi had sufficient intel on Earth, though. Quite possibly they didn't even have a map of any sort, and had to fire at complete random at this strange planet far away from their home turf.)
The bottom line here is, why should we think the first attack was a "test" at all? It's more natural to assume that all testing had already been concluded (if a bit hastily, with the Sphere Builders breathing at the Xindi necks), and this was It, the Real Deal. Only it failed, so plans B, C and D were put in motion. And not A 2.0, aka more of the same, which might in fact have led to Xindi victory.
Timo Saloniemi